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International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

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The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

EVOLUTION (Process of) 1)

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J.P. CHANGEUX, quoting D.T. CAMPBELL, thus resumes the general process of evolution, that seems to operate irrespectively of the concerned evolutive level (physical, biological, social):

"At each level some form of selective retention would operate by variation-selection with three basic elements:

- some mechanisms introducing variations, i.e. diversity generators

- coherent selection processes

- some mechanisms which would protect and spread selected variations" (1972, p.707).

This last mechanism is recursive.

Another very general and synthetic view of evolutive processes has been derived from biological evolution by W. SCHWEMMLER (1991. p.152)

This author distinguishes three basic stages in these processes:

- Arogenesis: a phase of innovative jumps

- Allogenesis: a phase of adaptive radiation

- Statigenesis: a phase of stabilization of the new types

This general concept is clearly akin to GOULD and ELDREDGE "punctuated evolution" (1993). According to SCHWEMMLER, such evolutive processes respond to a "periodicity principle ", which he relates to the well known HEGEL's principle of "These, Antithese, Synthese".

Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

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Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]

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