BCSSS

International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

About

The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

INTEGRATION (Vertical) 2)

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The existence of various hierarchic levels of integration in a system.

As the system differentiates during its period of growth, it tends to need more and more varied resources, which must be extracted from its environment.

M. J. SIRGY and R. H. GILES Jr. state: "Large organizations usually strive to become vertically integrated (i.e. "intrabiotic") to insure control over environmental resources" (1986, p.239).

More varied inputs imply more diversified subsystems to transform and assimilate them and for elaboration of the resulting products.

More diversity means at the same time more interactions and more internal conflicts. Thus the need for regulation and control increases and, even, some meta-controls appear and with them a hierarchy of structures for governance of the system.

Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

Publisher

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]

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